DNA barcoding for species identification and discovery in diatoms
نویسندگان
چکیده
Diatoms are the largest group of microalgae, play an enormous role in the biosphere, and have major significance as bioindicators. Traditional identification requires inter alia long training, considerable microscopical skill, and use of a vast and scattered literature. During the life cycle, diatom cells change in size and pattern, often also shape, but the full cycle is known in <1% of described species. Recent evidence shows that there are many pseudocryptic and cryptic species of diatoms, requiring molecular methods for discovery and recognition. These and other factors argue that DNA barcoding would be highly beneficial. It could be ‘strong’, resolving nearly all species, or ‘weak’, resolving mostly species already recognized from light microscopy. Attempts have already been made to identify suitable genes and we evaluate these on the basis of universality and practicality, and ability to discriminate between species in the very few ‘model’ systems offering likely examples of sister-species-pairs. No candidate marker is ideal but LSU rDNA and rbcL may be acceptable, though their discriminatory power is lower than that of some other markers. We discuss the next steps in developing a full barcode system. COI / barcoding / diatoms / DNA barcodes / identification / ITS rDNA / molecular systematics / rbcL / LSU rDNA / species discovery / SSU rDNA / taxonomy Résumé – Les diatomées représentent le plus grand groupe d’algues unicellulaires, jouent un rôle fondamental dans la biosphère, et sont importantes en tant qu’indicateurs biologiques. L'identification sur des bases morphologique exige entre autres un long entraînement, des compétences considérables en microscopie, et l’accès à une vaste littérature publiée pour l’essentiel sous forme d’articles. Durant leur cycle de vie, les cellules de diatomées modifient leur taille et leurs motifs, souvent aussi leur forme, mais le cycle complet n’est connu que pour moins de 1 % des espèces décrites. De récentes études ont démontré l’existence d'espèces pseudocryptiques et cryptiques parmi les diatomées, nécessitant des méthodes moléculaires pour leur découverte et reconnaissance. Ces facteurs entre autres soutiennent le développement d’un système de taxinomie moléculaire tel que le code barre ADN. Ceci pourrait être un barcoding « puissant », pouvant résoudre presque toutes les espèces, ou « faible », ne pouvant résoudre que des espèces déjà reconnues en * Correspondence and reprints: [email protected] 557_578_MANN.fm Page 557 Vendredi, 17. décembre 2010 11:22 11
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تاریخ انتشار 2011